Hydrology hw 9 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hydrology hw 9 - Assignment Example High precipitation results into high surface spillovers which immediately increment the streams volume causing floods downstream, the information is created utilizing long-go radar frameworks and used to give Early notice frameworks on floods. Plus, there is likewise information on environmental change and air quality after some time and scale in the whole United States which decides the climate designs. Depict what's accessible meteorological/hydrological data you have seen from the site at USGS’ Surface Water Information Pages: http://water.usgs.gov/osw/The site gives information on surface water frameworks including the stream frameworks, lakes, dams and other related surface water stockpiling frameworks. This information (R.G. Wetzel and G.E. Compares) II utilized in breaking down the different surface attributes, for example, surface water streams, surface water stockpiles, and its consequences for the human and indigenous habitats. There are likewise information on the u ndermined and stopped stream gages because of reasons. There is additionally data on stream estimations utilizing different techniques. This is significant in handing-off precise perceptions and expectation on stream attributes, for example, changes in stream volumes, stream release, stream sythesis and speed. Additionally, there is data on environmental change and changes in the worldwide climatic frameworks utilized in making exact expectation of the worldwide water designs, both air water frameworks, underground water frameworks just as the surface water frameworks. Depict what you found out about the two subjects on â€Å"Areal Precipitation Estimation† and â€Å"Hydrologic Loses: Initial Loss and Hydrologic Abstraction† The exercise on areal precipitation estimation is significant on a functional premise as it is significant in deciding the surface water bud get. This can for the pattern in relating water uses to water accessibility in various pieces of the world. A gauge of the harmony between the misfortunes and bays is a determination for the surface water financial plan. What are exposed, wet HSG’s least invasion rates and other four penetration gauge strategies presented in the class? Exposed, wet HSG invasion is one of the strategies utilized in assessing penetration rates alluding to the method of invasion which happens after the uncovered ground overland soil after careful wetting. HSG isn't dictated by some other factor, for example, the impacts of vegetation, land use types, ground conditions, slant point, sort of bedrocks among others. HSG be that as it may, shifts from soil to soil contingent upon the dirt attributes for each situation for example most noteworthy in free sandy soils and least in muds. Penetration estimation strategies talked about in this class incorporate the utilization of the Empirical Method: SCS (NRCS) Runoff Curve Number (CN). The bend number CN, is a component of five significant factors including: capacity of land use, spread, soil arrangement, hydrologic conditions and forerunner spillover conditions. The condition is as appeared; where Q is spillover, P is precipitation, an is beginning deliberation, S is possible most extreme maintenance after run off starts, and CN is the bend number, percent of overflow. Holtan Equation, otherwise called Horton’s invasion limit estimation, is another technique for evaluating penetration rates. The condition is; f = GI A Sab + fc Where â€Å"

Week 9 Discussion 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 9 Discussion 2 - Assignment Example It is additionally noteworthy in exhibiting the money creating capacity of the organization which accounting report the monetary record neglects to appear. It uncovers the money expected to keep up plant effectiveness and level of tasks. It gives data with respect to the liquidity of the firm stock issuance, profit installment, plant resource removal, hardware buy, and net change in stock, records of sales and payable. The accounting report hides the greater part of this data (Comiskey and Mulford, 2005). Income articulations reports money developments in working, contributing and financing exercises subsequently helping speculators and lenders to create future incomes through estimations on sums, unconventionality of future incomes and timing. It likewise gives a premise of setting obligations, delivering workers and respecting profits. The overall gain decides if the organization is making a benefit or a misfortune making it simpler for leasers, representatives and investors to pass judgment on the productivity of the organization (Marius and Oberholster, 2007). Any fiscal report peruser effectively comprehends the difference in resources and liabilities inside the exchanging time frame. Incomes help the investors to get data with respect to the profit due. For example, in 2010 Google heaped more than $26 billion adding up to about 20% of the estimation of the organization. It was incited to discharge a lot of money to investors (Marius and Oberholster,

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 94

Diary - Essay Example Through the assistance of Anna, an associate, we discovered her a dress during that time. Presently she was back and saying that she required a pantsuit for fill in according to her chiefs directions. Since our office didn't consider trades or discounts, I didn't know how to help her since she was a piece of the red consideration program. She addressed my ResCare boss in order to solve her concern. I accept they in the end went to a goals since I was approached to help her, however I was unable to locate a dress in her size. I felt terrible in light of the fact that I was unable to support her better. She left without garments however a guarantee from my director that she will arrange her size and call her when something shows up. We track all huge size requests so that is something we could do to support her. I truly felt terrible at not having helped her however then chose to attempt to forget about it with the goal that I could focus on my tasks for the afternoon. I had my first youthful customer today and it was hard to track down garments for her. She was an African-American who wore little sizes that I realized we didn't convey. Everything I could concoct for her was a suit. For reasons unknown, she wouldn't have me help her regardless of how I attempted to support her. She took the suit without thinking about my supposition or permitting me to see her fitting. I was baffled since she didn't work with me to locate the correct outfit for her. In any case, she wound up getting what she needed and was on her way. Possibly it was on the grounds that I felt insulted by the manner in which she rewarded me, so I had a type of bias as I worked with her. I wound up thinking about whether we didn't get along in view of racial contemplations and inclinations. After some contemplating, I reached the resolution that I was being prejudicial and I expected to simply get over the experience. Having worked at the organization for 3 months as of now, Ihave u nderstood that I have to figure out how to comprehend and coexist with the different customers that

How to cool your nerves at the college

Notwithstanding the age, there are none understudies to report that see their examinations as a cakewalk. Review those last periods at the establishment when you are doing only taking a gander at the clock and arranging the day after the school in your mind. This activity alludes to that the investigation procedure is upset when you are fatigued and immersed. At the point when you are worn out, the drawn out examination lengths are noneffective and an exercise in futility. In such conditions, you ought to permit yourself to unwind and quiet your nerves down. On the off chance that you have a great deal of work to be dealt with, dole out the undertaking to the most prepared Assignment Writers UK Based and center around the loosening up part. Underneath recorded are a portion of the recommendations you can use to spruce up your psyche: Take a Short Nap: A ten to fifteen minutes rest can do likewise to your cerebrum as the choice invigorate does to your PC. Subsequent to awakening, you will feel progressively engaged towards the assignment and execute it with the vitality and energy required. Take a Stroll: The most ideal approach to clear your brain from the examination pressure is to open yourself to the natural air. Go to the recreation center or simply stroll around your grounds to reestablish smoothness of your depleted psyche. Watch a Movie: It is prescribed to watch a parody class film yet on the off chance that your advantage lies in motion pictures of some another type, let it all out. Be that as it may, remember, not to put an excessive amount of time in this movement as it can deny you of the objective you were attempting to accomplish. Call Your Parents: Homesickness can likewise help in your wastefulness in scholastics, and you should battle its belongings when you can. Call your folks, let their adoration and fondness blur the questions you hold about yourself. Their helpful voice will introduce harmony in you and will cause you to feel persuaded tow ards the job needing to be done. Tune in to Music: Music has this one of a kind capacity to mitigate the brains that are depleted and fatigued. Get the melody from your music taste and unwind. Best of all, you can proceed with music in any event, when you continue your examining movement. Exercise: The exercise is the best choice on the off chance that you are feeling down as it has unlimited choices you can browse. Exercise is the best pressure reliever as it discharges synthetic substances that assist you with perking up and concentrate better. Visit With Your Friends: When you are down, conversing with your companions can inspire your state of mind in a small amount of seconds. Discussion about your dissatisfactions and listen closely to the misfortunes they might need to share. Along these lines you will feel light and decided for the future scholarly assignments to come. These are a portion of the manners in which you can use during your mind break. It is recommended to snicker as much as possible to maintain a strategic distance from the result of a stressed psyche. Good karma and glad learning!

Health Systems between the USA - UK & Australia-Samples for Students

Question: Examine about the Health Systems between the Usa, Uk and Australia. Answer: Presentation: With the headway of innovation the general future of average citizens altogether expanded. Therefore the level of movement of a nation can be measured by the headway of their social insurance framework. In this task, a near evaluation of human services framework is done among Australia, the United States of America and Britain. The key target of this task is to investigate the cost, openness, decision and nature of the medicinal services framework in the relevant nations. The objective of this task is to measure the effectiveness of every nation in dealing with their social insurance framework. The points of interest and burdens exist in the human services arrangement of Australia, the United States of America and Britain is likewise surveyed. The extents of progress are likewise distinguished here with placing worry in the Australian framework. Toward the start of the task, a different investigation is done in the middle of the given nations. At last, at the closing part, a near exa mination is appeared with the assistance of outlines, diagrams and tables. The task is finished by proffering favorable circumstances of every nation with the other while putting weight on the Australian framework. Conversation: Australia Cost: The wellbeing use in Australia is determined as 140.2 billion Dollars which is 9.5 percent of total national output or GDP of the whole nation. Moreover, 70 percent of the absolute expenses of the social insurance framework is financed by the administration with the assistance of citizens cash (Mukherjee, 2008). Access: Though the social insurance framework in Australia is acceptable however it's costly and because of this explanation, cash based costs stop individuals getting care (Davis et al. 2014). As a matter of fact, what occurs in Australia's social insurance framework is called co-installment process where the patients additionally pay which is very nearly 20 percent of the absolute expense. Be that as it may, in some cases, the patients share increments to such a level which isn't reasonable by the patient (Mukherjee, 2008). Decision: A patient in Australian set up can't pick their own specific expert doctor. Besides, they additionally probably won't have a choice about when they are admitted to a human services office for elective clinical strategies. Medicare benefits additionally rely upon a timetable of costs known as the Medicare Benefits Schedule, or MBS. This is especially set by the Australian Government after a discussion with the restorative specialists. Specialists are not required to stick to the timetable of treatment (except for optometry) and can charge more than the booked cost (Lancet,2014). Quality: The general nature of Australian medicinal services framework is agreeable with barely any extents of progress in by fortifying specialist persistent proportion (Mukherjee, 2008). England Cost: The absolute social insurance subsidizing by UK government since 1997 to 2013 has been expanded altogether. The complete medicinal services costs in private and general human services framework in the year 2013 was 150.6 Billion contrasted with 54. 9 Billion in the year 1997. The all out development recorded for the social insurance consumption from 1997 to 2009 was 8.1 percent while the development has been diminished to 2per penny from 2009 to 2013. The essential financing for human services has been occurring in national protection commitments separated from general tax collection and client charges. The essential favorable position of the private division in medicinal services is the selection of advisors which NHS has received as of late as patient's fundamental rights. The fundamental inconvenience of human services is the expense of the treatment which is very low in NHS in the UK (Anhang Price et al. 2014).Access: national human services framework in the UK has been the most available social insurance framework as far as cost. The financing has been expanded altogether in the NHS which gives more decisions to the minimal effort and excellent treatment. While the in the availability in the private division reliant on the reasonableness and riches. The decision of pro was constantly accessible in private area which NHS has been executing as the fundamental right of the patients. The cost engaged with both the cases represents a colossal contrast where significant expense treatment offered by open segment contrasted with NHS conspire (Mukherjee, 2008). Decision: the individuals secured under NHS have been furnished with some viable rights for decisions, for example, general medical procedure and NHS care. Indeed, even the patients under NHS can pick the association secured under NHS as indicated by their accommodation yet the decision in private area relies on the cost moderateness and riches. Quality: the quality worries of NHS have been settled by the intermittent increment in spending designation from 1997 to 2013. The essential worry of the NHS constitution is to give amplified esteem less cost (Fleming, 2008). USA Cost: the national consumption of United States on Health care has been expanded to $3.2 trillion which is a huge increment by 5.8 percent. The moderate consideration act significantly affects the human services framework in the USA which expands the general social insurance financing. Along these lines complete development including private and open area has fundamentally expanded in late 2015. The administration inclusion for medicinal services benefits in the United States is 27.8 percent while the essential subsidizing occurred from 84per penny protection inclusion for social insurance framework in the United States. The upside of private social insurance framework in the USA is quick treatment and free selection of specialists while on account of government subsidized associations the line is long and the decision is less (Runciman, 2012). Access: the availability in the private medicinal services framework is high contrasted with government financed emergency clinics in the USA. 84per penny of the protection inclusion of the United state populace could get to the office though the remainder of the populace has a less openness in the private segment medical clinics in the USA (Lancet,2014). Decision: the decision is high if there should be an occurrence of private medical clinics and different scope of medicines could be benefited by the protection holders in the USA. Patients in private area medical clinic could pick any treatment technique as per the protection inclusion (Howick et al. 2014). Quality: the nature of the absolute human services framework in the United States is very high and 84per penny of the protection secured individuals could profit the excellent treatment relying on the reasonableness and protection inclusion of the idea of the treatment (Alhassan et al. 2015). Results: Figure 1: Australian Health framework (Source:Corallo et al. 2014 Figure 2: Life Expectancy among the occupant (Source: Corallo et al. 2014) Figure 3: Distribution of specialist per 1000 man Source: Corallo et al. 2014 Figure 4: Distribution of emergency clinic bed per 1000 man (Source:Corallo et al. 2014) Medicinal services Issues Australia USA England Fundamental idea The medicinal services framework in Australia is the blended sort where the administrative control is went with the privatization. Every single Australian Citizen is qualified for the entrance of the Universal Medical Cover which is likewise called Medicare. Being an industrialized nation, the entrance to medicinal services framework isn't guaranteed by the logical government. Be that as it may, the legislature has given representative retirement salary security act which ensures full boss inclination over medical coverage. Henceforth, it is seen that the medicinal services framework in the United States significantly possesses by the private division. The Government of the relevant nation builds up a legal body named National Health Service or NHS to guarantee the strength of their resident. Cost (all out human services use per capita) 4,115 dollar 9,086 dollar 3,364 dollar Availability (per 1000 populace) Specialist: 3.4 Clinic bed: 3.4 Nurse:11.3 Intense consideration: 3.4 Doctor:2.6 Clinic bed: 2.5 Medical attendant: 7.9 Intense consideration: 2.5 Specialist: 2.8 Clinic bed:2.8 Medical attendant: 8.2 Intense care:2.7 Decisions As the Australian social insurance framework is a blended framework where privatization and administrative control coincide, the decision of human services is moderate. On account of the United States, the decision is moderately high as individuals have sole obligation regarding the emergency clinic charge installment. As the medicinal services framework is completely constrained by legal association National Health Service or NHS, the decision is less. Quality Moderate quality moderate moderateness Great low moderateness Nearly Low quality however high reasonableness. Positioning according to World Health Organization (WHO) 32 37 18 Table 1: Comparisons summed up in diagrams, tables, expert/con records and so on. (Source:Corallo et al. 2014) End: These three nations have an absence of specialists according to 1000 patients. It is likewise joined by the issue of absence of emergency clinic beds per 1000 patients. Henceforth, the government assistance of the patients ought to be the main goal to the authority as opposed to whatever else. On this note, every one of the above examined nations needs to give more consideration to improve their primary care physician patients apportion alongside the quantity of bed allotments. Points of interest of Australia's framework contrasted with Britain: More decisions are accessible as it is a blended framework. Points of interest of Australia's framework contrasted with the USA: It has more prominent moderateness as it is somewhat constrained by the administrative body. Methods of progress of Australia's arrangement of actualizing components of the British or US framework: Australias human services framework will be better on the off chance that they focus on the patients issue, more than their lucrative idea. Co-installment is something that the poor can't appreciate in any event, when they need that office. Methods of progress of the British, US frameworks: the British social insurance framework needs to give more consideration to the qua

Co-founder of Think.iT, Mehemed Bougsea 17, Shares His Entrepreneurial Journey COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Co-founder of Think.iT, Mehemed Bougsea ‘17, Shares His Entrepreneurial Journey COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Mehemed Bougsea MPA-DP 17 is transforming Tunsias tech sector with his start-up  Think.iT. Bougsea founded Think.iT after many years of desiring equality in tech markets across different countries. Growing up between Libya and Germany, Mehemed saw the vast difference in openings for jobs in the tech sector. He saw this as an injustice to gifted and skilled young STEM students, who had immense potential for success but who lacked the qualifications to meet the demand for lucrative jobs in the field. Think.iT is based in Tunisia where 57 percent of the workforce is unemployed and where the local economy cannot produce jobs in the fields to match the talent of the workforce. Think.iTs programs focus on training young students on newer technologies such as AI, Cloud, and Blockchain, to ensure that graduates are prepared to address todays most prevalent and pressing problems. At SIPA, Mehemed was a Ipek Cem Taha and Shwan Ibrahim (2015-2016) and SIPA Fund Fellow (2016-2017). Click here to learn more about  Mehemeds ethos and entrepreneurial journey. The 2019 SIPA application is open, so keep up with our Admissions Blog here for application tips over the next few months. You can learn more about the MPA in Development Practice program here.

What is a credit union - Free Essay Example

A credit union is a co-operative financial institution, which is owned and controlled by its members. Credit unions are not-for-profit, and exist to provide a safe, convenient place for members to save money and obtain loans and other financial services at competitive rates. Members of a credit union share a common bond, such as their occupation, where they live or attend church. (Credit Union League 2004). The Jamaica Credit Union League, a co-operative central body embracing all the credit unions in the island was founded in 1942. The League was a voluntary association, which was democratically controlled and financed by its member credit unions. With the establishing of this League headed by Father John Peter Sullivan, the Movement now had an organization whose objectives included: representing its members by contacting the Government about issues such as legislation, conducting central business services, receiving deposits from Credit Unions and other Co-operative Societies, making loans to its member credit unions and also to undertake investments for the member credit unions by organizing new credit unions. Member societies paid fees of ten cents (10c) per annum per individual member to access the Leagues services. In March, 1949 the League established the deposit and loan section which required that credit unions to deposit sums equal to their statu tory reserves. These credit unions could obtain loans at the rate of 5% per annum to meet their own lending demands.  [i]  Later individual members of credit unions were granted loans on the recommendations of their Credit Unions at the rate of 6%per annum. (Credit Union League 2004). The aim of the Credit Union is to provide a wide range of services to meet the needs of its members and to provide a safe place for savings and completive interest rates on loans. WHAT IS A DEVELOPMENT BANK? The Development bank of Jamaica was established on April 1, 2000 (Development bank of Jamaica, 2007) there was a merger between two owned Government of Jamaica institutions, which were the Agricultural Credit Bank and the National Development Bank Of Jamaica Limited. The Agricultural Credit Bank and the National Development Bank were founded in 1981.The Development Bank of Jamaica was governed by the Ministry of Finance and Planning and the board members, which was appointed by the Ministry. According to Development bank of Jamaica (2007) it is stated that the bank provides the following: it facilitates development financing to the productive sectors primarily in the areas of agriculture, agro-processing manufacturing, information processing tourism, service and mining and quarrying. It helps with credit principally through a wide range of Approved Financial Institution (AFIs), including Commercial and Merchant Banks, Peoples Cooperative Bank; Credit Unions are private sectors deve lopment financial institution. They invested in the agricultural, manufacturing, tourism, agro-processing, quarrying and mining and services sectors. They also play a critical role in non-credit activities principally with respect to the upgrading of the Peoples Cooperative Banks as well as providing assistance to a number of sub-sectors which have faced difficulties. With these roles the development banks seeks to endorse economics development within the developing countries. iiCaribbean Development Bank intends to be the leading catalyst for development resources into the Region, working towards the systematic reduction of poverty through social and economic development. They assist with borrowing member countries to the use of their resources, developing their economies and increase production and trade. They encourage private and public investment, development of the financial upturn in the region and helps business activities and expansion. Developments Banks aimed to mobili ze their resources from both within and outside the region for development. These banks provide technical assistance to its regional borrowing members, support regional and local financial institutions and a market for credit savings. They also support and stimulate the development of capital markets within their region. Their vision is to facilitate economic growth, development, job creation resulting in an improved for all Jamaicans. To be an innovative financier of economic activity, they offer a supportive of national development, to provide the best place for work and to be a world class development bank. CREDIT UNIONs IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT Credit Unions vary from Banks and other financial institutions, their members have ownership of the credit union and they elect their board of directors in a democratic one-person-one vote system irrespective of the amount of money that has been invested in the credit union. Credit Unions contribute to economic development through the wider community, mobilizing significant volumes of savings. (Journal of Public Sector Policy Analysis 2009) Research has confirmed that credit unions contribute positively to national development in Barbados and other Caribbean territories. (Roland, 2009). Credit Unions continue to be a prominent source of growth within the financial sector and therefore their macroeconomic significance has increased considerably. They have transformed the social and economic status of several members, enabling them to advance from the underprivileged class to the home owner class, by providing affordable terms and conditions for access to loans to finance a wide rang e of programmes. This paper seeks to determine the contribution of credit unions to national development. Research by the Centre for Economic Development and Area Regeneration (2000) concluded that credit unions start up or operate using the ethical approach, which focuses on having a strong community base with much volunteer involvement developing at its own pace, have been relatively ineffective. In response to some of the issues raised, there has been a gradual shift in the British credit union movement to new model development'(Jones, 2001). Jones believes that new model development is based on seven doctrines which will bring economic success, serving the financial needs of the population at large, maximizing savings, portfolio diversification, operating efficiency, financial discipline, self-governance and assimilation. Evidence of accepting the new model can be seen in the promotion of new business oriented approach to credit union development. Dr. Yaw Forkuoh, Senior Lect urer at the Department of Pharmacy of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), (Ghanaian Jounnal, 2009) stated that credit unions are vital institutions which help to decrease poverty among people in society. He had appealed to the government to channel Poverty Alleviation Funds through credit unions for the distribution to people as loans, to better improve their income and way of life. He said that loan delinquency has been a serious issue facing the credit unions and asked the management of the unions to take the necessary steps to ensure that are been loans granted to their members will be paid on time for others also to benefit from it. Dr. Yaw Forkuoh, believes that the credit union is accessible by its member where loans are concerned which will better develop the economy. Credit Unions contribute and support other local organizations in concreting ways to carry out community projects. These projects have a community development focus on building cap acity, resilience, and strength in the community and not necessarily any direct economic component. These are resources committed for all different types of activities include financial resources, human resources, equipment, space, and more. Involvement in community development is important; it does not yield a quantifiable return for the credit union or the local economy. With such involvement will strengthen the name and reputation of the credit union as a community leader and contributor. Schulze-Delitzsch and Raiffeisen stated that the Credit unions are not conventional financial institutions. The kind of development for which they are uniquely well-suited is not conventional economic development, but community economic development, which is based in and draws on the communitys needs and resources, the same way a credit union does, but by contributing to communities it can be led to economic development. Credit unions have enhanced local economies by increasing the availabili ty of small loans and reduce to meet its members borrowing costs. But where there is a need, credit unions still contain their original potential to be agents for business development. Claes Bell, 2008 said that if everyone was a credit union member, would we be toasting the new economic recovery instead of self-pitying in the same sickness weve been mired in since 2009. A recent survey shows consumers who bank at credit unions have a more positive view of their personal finances than those who dont. According to credit union data released from the Discover U.S. Spending Monitor in September, 38 percent of credit union members rate their personal finances as good or excellent, compared to 30 percent amongst noncredit union members surveyed. Just 17 percent of credit union members rate their finances as poor, while 29 percent of noncredit union members feel the same way. Both groups differ when their personal financial situations are getting better or worse, whats more, credit union members report an objectively better financial situation than their bank-only counterparts. Allowing the poor in various rural areas to increase access to financial services, the poor may face a number of constraints when they seek access to financial services. However access to credit is very crucial because the credit union can smooth cash income fluctuations. They help to achieve occasional unexpected earning opportunities. They open more options and opportunities for increasing the securities and liquidity of a poor household. Access to deposit facilities will allow poor people to store current income for future use, which has welfare to improving effects because it means that people are less likely to suffer when unavoidable external shocks hit them. (Kirton 1991) stated that statistics has proven that majority of credit unions membership falls into lower income category. Credit unions are known to encourage saving habit, they provide low transaction cost too which is required to mobilize a great number of small voluntary savings accounts, offering a wide variety of savings services. They also have sound institutional controls and structures that are needed to accompany saving mobilization. Credit unions contribute significantly to small and micro-enterprise, a great proportion of credit union loans are allocated to a category called the business sector, comprise mostly of micro and small business, involved in a wide range of activities. These business aids in the development of the country through the provision of employment. This goes to show that credit union is vital in developing counties because it helps to boost the economy. DEVELOPMENT BANKS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Development bank,  national or regional financial institution are designed to provide medium- and long-term capital for productive investment, often accompanied by technical assistance, in poor and developing counties. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica is meticulously stated that the number of development banks has increased significantly since the 1950s; they have been invigorated by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and its affiliates. The large regional development banks along with the Inter-American Development Bank, established in 1959; the Asian Development Bank, which began operations in 1966; and the African Development Bank, established in 1964. They may make loans for specific national or regional projects to private and public bodies or may operate in conjunction with other financial institutions. One of the major activities of development banks has been the recognition and promotion of private investment chances. Although the effort s of the majority of development banks are focused towards the industrial sector, some are also concerned with agriculture. Development banks may be a public or private entity which may own and operated, although governments often make significant contributions to the capital of private banks. The form and cost of financing offered by development banks depend on their cost of earning capital and their need to show a profit and pay dividends. (Development bank 2011). In Development practices have triggered some controversy. Because development banks tend to be government-run and are not accountable to the taxpayers who fund them, there are a small number of checks and balances preventing the banks from making some horrible investments. Some international development banks have been accused for imposing policies that ultimately undermine the economies of recipient countries. Yet another concern centres on moral hazard that is, the possibility that fiscally irresponsible policies by recipient countries will be effectively rewarded and thereby encouraged by bailout loans. While theoretically a serious concern, the existence of such moral hazard has not been substantiated. Growth and Development Strategies for the Caribbean, was coordinated by the Banks Economics department and includes papers commissioned from Caribbean experts. These papers, which  appraise the main strategies  for economic growth pursued by regional countries in recent times, are sector-wide in coverage with attention to such areas as agriculture, manufacturing, tourism and mining, among others. The Banks are still continuing to work towards being more responsive to its clients by improving efficiency and strengthening its institutional ability. Development Finance Corporation (DFC) is the label generically applied to institutions established for the specific purpose of providing finance for economic development. DFCs have also been described as development banks, specialized credit agencies, and credit boards (Bourne 1991). Development finance is needed to provide additional financial capital to remove or at least relax the savings constraint on physical capital accumulation. Development banks are there to assist with any matter that arises. The Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) have combined with the Government of Grenada to mainstream disaster risk reduction into the reconstruction process following the devastation caused by Hurricane Ivan in Grenada in September 2004. The Caribbean Development bank intervenes when there is any natural disaster that may affect the economy of any country within the Caribbean region. They participants assisted in drafting a Policy and Guiding Principles for mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) into the reconstruction process. (Caribank 2005) In partnership with the public and private sectors, CDB will seek to balance the undertakings and initiatives of all th e performers in the overall private sector development effort for CDBs BMCs, particularly in areas where there is demonstrable market failure. According to CDB private sector development strategy 2004, stated that CDB support business and product development by providing financing and TA for development of new businesses and products, expansion of existing enterprises and building institutional and enterprise size. This includes the provisions of finance for both public and private sector investment to maintain and improve economic and social infrastructure. The CDBs strategic objective for private sector development in the borrowing member countries, is to improve the global competitiveness of the Regions productive sector on a sustainable basis and reposition Caribbean economies into the mainstream of the world economy. These are the development banks are doing and should be doing to develop developing countries. By now there is an ever-expanding body of evidence that suggests countries with better developed financial systems experience faster economic growth (Levine, 1997 and 2005). More recent evidence also suggests financial development not only stimulates growth, but also develops the distribution of income. Better developed banks and markets are associated with faster growth is also confirmed by panel and time-series estimation techniques. This research also shows that financial sector development facilitates economic growth through more efficient resource distribution and productivity growth rather than through the scale of investment or savings mobilization. (worldbank 2005) China is often mentioned as a counterexample to the findings in finance and growth literature since despite weaknesses in its formal banking system, China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world (Allen, Qian, and Qian 2005), and development banks are playing an integral role in development countries by helping with basic infrastructure and assisting with the develo pment of enterprises. CONCLUSION A credit union is a co-operative financial institution, which is owned and controlled by its members. With the establishing of the credit unions league headed by Father John Peter Sullivan, the Movement now had an organization whose objectives included: representing its members by contacting the Government about issues such as legislation, conducting central business services, receiving deposits from Credit Unions and other Co-operative Societies, making loans to its member credit unions and also to undertake investments for the member credit unions by organizing new credit unions. Credit unions are known to encourage saving habit, they provide low transaction cost too which is required to mobilize a great number of small voluntary savings accounts, offering a wide variety of savings services. They also have sound institutional controls and structures that are needed to accompany saving mobilization. The Development Bank of Jamaica was governed by the Ministry of Finance and Pla nning and the board members, which was appointed by the Ministry. They invested in the agricultural, manufacturing, tourism, agro-processing, quarrying and mining and services sectors. They also play a critical role in non-credit activities principally with respect to the upgrading of the Peoples Cooperative Banks as well as providing assistance to a number of sub-sectors which have faced difficulties. With these roles the development banks seeks to endorse economics development within the developing countries. Development finance is needed to provide additional financial capital to remove or at least relax the savings constraint on physical capital accumulation. Development banks are there to assist with any matter that arises. Better developed banks and markets are associated with faster growth is also confirmed by panel and time-series estimation techniques. This research also shows that financial sector development facilitates economic growth through more efficient resource dist ribution and productivity growth rather than through the scale of investment or savings mobilization.

Edmond Dantes Revenge - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 592 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Revenge Essay Did you like this example? Revenge is a form of self-administered justice, giving oneself assurance that punishment has been delivered in a way that is more righteous than societal justice. Sometimes, reprisal can be taken too far, which can be seen in Alexandre Dumas The Count of Monte Cristo, using the main character, Edmond Dantes, as an illustration. It can be seen throughout the novel that Dumas does not believe that Dantes revenge is justified. Revenge is alluring, and Edmond Dantes has fallen victim to its temptation; thus, leading him to believe that his actions are all according to the will of God. There is a noticeable change in Dantes mindset for revenge when he steers his wrath towards Villefort, indirectly being responsible for the death of his wife and son. That was when He realized that he had gone beyond the limits of rightful vengeance and that he could no longer say, God is for me and with me. (Dumas 485). Up until this moment, Edmond had truly believed that he was carrying out Gods will, doing the morally just thing. But when he saw how his vengeance was engendering anguish upon those who did not deserve it, Dantes started to have a change of thought. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Edmond Dantes Revenge" essay for you Create order Once the notion of revenge is implanted into ones mind, it is difficult to uproot it. During the time Dantes spends imprisoned in the Chteau dIf, Abb Faria helps him uncover the source of his imprisonment, which he regrets soon after doing so: Faria looked at him steadfastly and said, I regret having helped you clarify your past and having told you what I did. Why? Because Ive instilled in your heart a feeling that wasnt there before: vengeance (Dumas 58). Faria recognizes that vengeance is an evil feeling and was regretful because During those hours of meditation, which flowered by like seconds, he [Dantes] formed a terrible resolution and swore a fearful oath (Dumas 58). It can be foreshadowed that Dantes revenge will cause tribulation and become rampant. When it comes to revenge, it can often feel overdone after it has been carried out. In this case, Dantes writes a letter to Maximilien noting, Tell the angel who will watch over your life to pray now and then for a man who, like Satan, believed himself for an instant to be equal to God, but who realized in all humility that supreme power and wisdom are in the hands of God alone (Dumas 530). Dantes admits that his revenge was unjust; comparing himself to Satan. He realizes his error of trying carry out justice by his own means and admits to his fault of trying act out the role of God. All things considered, Alexandre Dumas makes it known that he does not think Dantes revenge is justifiable. It is shown through the novel that, although in the beginning he was more than willing to exact revenge on those who wronged him, Dantes began to feel remorse for his actions. Why would Dumas include this if he felt the revenge was fully just? In addition to the remorse Dantes felt, the one who helped him identify his victims, Abb? © Faria, felt guilty right after he helped reveal the names of the men that had wronged Dantes, knowing that he would seek out some form of vengeance. The root of Dantes remorseful feelings sprouted along with the realization that he was not only harming the wrongdoers, but also the innocents that had not been a part of his torment. In conclusion, the revenge carried out by Edmond Dantes is not justified.

The Case For and Against Assisted Dying - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1284 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Assisted Suicide Essay Did you like this example? In homes across the world, millions of victims are suffering from fatal and terminal illnesses.With death knocking on their door, should these people have to endure pain and misery knowing what is to come? The answers to these questions are very controversial. Furthermore, there is a greater question to be answered†should these people have the right and option to end the relentless pain and agony through physician assisted death? Physician-Assisted Suicide PAS is highly contentious because it induces conflict of several moral and ethical questions such as who is the true director of our lives. Is suicide an individual choice and should the highest priority to humans be alleviating pain or do we suffer for a purpose? Is suicide a purely individual choice? Having analyzed and even experience the effects of physician assisted suicide, I promote and fully support its legality and provisions.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Case For and Against Assisted Dying" essay for you Create order Physician assisted suicide PAS or physician assisted death PAD is the voluntary ending of oners life primarily by taking a lethal substance (usually a barbiturate) prescribed by a physician (Friend, Mary, Louanne, 2011, p. 110). In each case, the patient has explicitly come to the conclusion to expedite his or her own death owed to a terminal illness.? Four of fifty states in the United States have legalized physician assisted suicide: Oregon, Washington, Montana, and most recently Vermont (May 2013). On Nov. 8, 1994, Oregon was first to legalized physician assisted death. Through ballot measure, the Death with Dignity Act legalized the process of physician assisted death but under strict protocol. Similarly, the state of Washington passed Ballot Initiative 1000 and Vermont passed the Patient Choice and Control act†both similar acts legalizing physician assisted suicide. However, Montanars State Supreme Court ruling in Baxter v. Montana allows physician assisted death with no legal protocol in place (Procon.org., 2012). The states permitting PAS are obligated to follow a list of set conditions: the patient should be a resident of the said state and 18 years of age or older. Secondly, the patient should be capable of making and communicating health care decisions for him or herself. Thirdly, the patient must be diagnosed with a terminal illness that will lead to death within six months. Interested patients must also provide the request for termination in writing to the physician. In addition, physicians are expected to inform patients to alternative means of care including hospice care and other medications. Only after precautions evaluation, the laws then permit patients to make the ultimate life ending decision. A pathologist from Michigan, Dr. Jack Kevorkian was one of the first to participate in PAS (Strate, Zalman Hunter, 2005, p. 25). There are documented writings discussing the severity of his patients: those who seek him out have deteriorated by slow, painful degrees and wish to exit from their infernos on Earth before they deteriorate cognitively and/or choke to death (Zeldisrs, 2005 p. 130). Many of his patients explain how they feel their own body withdraw and turn on itself; and not even being able to eat or go to the bathroom (Friend, Mary and Louanne, 2011, p. 116). stress that dignity and integrity are very personal matters; it is probable that being dependent on others to perform basic activities of daily living threaten a patientrs dignity and thus determine when an explicit request for PAS is made. Perhaps to deny someone the ability to limit their suffering is cruel. My main argument in support of PAS bears the concept that every capable human being has the right to decide on the way he or should wants to live. This very definition of right of independence should be protected and extended to individuals suffering from terminal conditions and therefore should possess jurisdiction of how and when they die (Weir, 2002, p. 33). Every individual should have the choice to experience a quality life and turn away any suffering and pain. Therefore, terminally ill patients should be allowed to die in dignity without independence and control being stripped from them. In addition, one may say that the sanctity of life is greatly reduced upon gaining the diagnoses of an serious sickness (Kopelman Allen, 2001, p. 203). After a diagnoses of a terminal disease, life is consumed by the master status of sickly experience. It will be defined by continuous hospital visits and long hospital activity such as surgeries. Lives of patients never are the same; reduced to a bed ridden life facing sympathies from close family and friends. I recently had the opportunity to experience my grandmother go through this dreadful lifestyle until her demise a week ago. I truly believe that the agony and torment is not worth going through knowing that death is imminent. Terminal illness has the propensity to reduce individuals from strong, flexible and respected individuals to feeble suffering individuals who completely contingent on family or nurses for dehumanizing aspects of survival. Moreover, the mental capacity, hearing, vision, and other sense began to deteriorate swiftly and drastically. My family and I had to witness this worsening state, as do other families. I can truly say it was traumatic even for me. I can only remember a few vivid and lively experiences of my grandmother, due the fact that her image in her last months cloud my mind. When the patient eventually dies, the only memories left with the family are the sorry state of their loved one who died a sorry death (Stevens Jr., Kenneth R. 2006 p. 200). Why should anyone who lived a great and dignified life end in such a despondent state? To avoid such undignified death, PAD for terminally ill patients should be accepted and legalized in all states. In contrast, I have found that there are many arguments that are for the prohibition of PAS. One that seems to be the more obvious one is that of health care providers. The medical community is very outspoken on this topic; it goes against the role of health care providers as healers. A health care providerrs primary concern is to first cause no harm (Kopelman, L. M., Allen, K. D. 2001, p. 203). Physician assisted suicide obliterates the confidence one should have between their doctor. What will a patient think if it is known that their doctor helped and promoted someone elses death? Of course, sometimes a doctor can not cure a disease, but how would a patient feel knowing that the doctor gave up on another patient and persisted the suicide to occur. Would this idea make more than a few patients uncomfortable? Furthermore, it has been argued that PAS distorts the healing purpose of medicine (American Medical Association 1992). If physicians help kill patients, it can be seen as harm . Even though this argument is sound and does cause many problems, case must be weighed against the needs of the individual patient. Another reason many are against PAS is that they believe it could lead to involuntary euthanasia (Stevens Jr., Kenneth R. 2006, p. 198) There is a fear that select groups and ethnicities would be targeted. Therefore, in order to prevent the spread of euthanasia, non-supporters (of PAS) believe that PAS should be prevented from being deemed lawful. There are many arguments for and against assisted suicide, the answer of whether it is right or wrong remains unanswered. For one, PAS is an ethical issue that is dependent on a personrs values, morals, religion, and experiences. In general, deciding whether one is to live or die is a sensitive topic and can stir up strong emotions and opinions. I believe the ending of oners life should be left in the hands of that one individual and nobody else. People say all the time It is your life, do with it as you want, but why should this expression change when it is applied to death? Individuals should be free to determine.

Analysis Of Jane Austens Persuasion - 1576 Words

Perfection in Austen’s Persuasion Jane Austen is know for writing sympathetic but realistically flawed female characters. Elizabeth Bennet is witty but prideful, Emma Woodhouse is well meaning but frightfully un-observant, and overcoming these flaws is what drives these characters’ arcs throughout their respective books. Yet in Austen’s novel, Persuasion, at first, Anne Elliot seems as if she is the perfect woman. She is a woman of â€Å"birth, beauty, and mind,† (Austen 20), she manages to be liked by nearly everyone she meets, and she was the only one to keep a calm head when Louisa fell in Lyme (79). However ideal she may seem though, she is not flawless. Anne Elliot’s greatest fault is that she suffers from a lack of courage and nerve, and†¦show more content†¦Yet besides a simple suggestion that it is the woman’s job to look after the children, Anne doesn’t tell Mary that her behavior is egotistical, and actually uses Mar y’s outburst to avoid seeing Captain Wentworth by suggesting that she herself will look after the child (41). Anne does not challenge Mary’s poor behavior even when it is blatantly selfish and even compromises with her in order to further avoid a different type of confrontation. This is not the only time that one of Anne’s family members acts disagreeable in such an obvious fashion. Her father s character is so shallow that he only cares about looks and rank (4), rarely acts in a way that is not displeasing or ridiculous to the reader, and has overspent all of his money and is now in debt (8). Austen even states that Sir. Walter has â€Å"no affection for Anne,† (175) his own daughter. He goes so far as to make fun of the appearance of a man who served in the navy (15). We as the reader can see that Sir. Walter has no redeemable qualities, and yet Anne does not stand up to him when he disproves of her engagement with Wentworth when she is younger (20). Au sten does say that, â€Å"it might have been possible to withstand her [Anne’s] father’s ill will,† (21) and it is ultimately Lady Russel that convinces Anne to sever the relationship, but young Anne never tries to defend herself against SirShow MoreRelatedA Close Analysis Of Jane Austen s Persuasion1098 Words   |  5 PagesA close analysis of Jane Austen’s Persuasion (Extract 3) Many readers of Persuasion believe Austen uses the namesake â€Å"persuasion† too neutrally. She appears to passively describe the results when the protagonist is persuaded to abandon Wentworth’s first proposal, but actually has much to say on being persuadable, and mainly argues that it is not inherently wrong. Persuasion in the novel’s early chapters works in two forms: as an overpowering force on the foolish like Sir Walter, or as an importantRead MoreThe Function and Importance of Letters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice1272 Words   |  5 PagesThe Function and Importance of Letters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Introduction In her classic novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen describes the tribulations of Elizabeth Bennett, one of five sisters, as she struggles to navigate the social mores and values of early 19th century England. During this period in history, correspondence was almost entirely through written letters but the postal system in London made deliveries a dozen times a day, meaning that it was possible to writeRead MoreJane Austen s All About Jane1442 Words   |  6 Pages All About Jane Jane Austen may be a name that is known by everyone, however, many do not know about the personal experiences that led her to write the significant literature that she is known for today. Jane Austen lived a very successful life. Born on December 16, 1775, Jane Austen’s novels about life in England in the eighteenth century very well influenced by her own childhood. As a young girl, she grew up in a household with six brothers and one sister, her mother, Cassandra Leigh Austen, andRead MoreMr Benett and the Failures of Fatherhood8365 Words   |  34 PagesMr. Bennet and the Failures of Fatherhood in Jane Austens Novels Author(s): Mary A. Burgan Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Oct., 1975), pp. 536552 Published by: University of Illinois Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27707956 . Accessed: 29/08/2012 00:55 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR isRead MoreJane Austen s Persuasion, By Prizing Theory Of Mind And Free Indirect Discourse Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom John Locke and Carolyn Sherif, to Josiah Warren. Jane Austen explores the theme of individuality in her novel, Persuasion. By prizing theory of mind and free indirect discourse, Austen proposes an argument against the dhavni of the time period in which she wrote, England’s Georgian era. Austen suggests individuality and one’s own desires should be valued above those of the surrounding society. Anne Elliot, the main character in Persuasion, contrasts with other characters in the novel. WhileRead MoreFeminism in Northanger Abbey and Persuasion by Jane Austen1940 Words   |  8 PagesFeminism in Northanger Abbey From my point of view, Jane Austen should be seen as a ‘feminist’ writer. As she wrote in one of her novel Persuasion, she considers that ‘Men have had every advantage of us in telling their own story. Education has been theirs in so much higher a degree; the pen has been in their hands. I will not allow books to prove anything’ (Anne Elliot, in Jane Austen’s Persuasion). Such feminist ideas are expressed in many of her literary works. In her another novelRead MoreManners in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen3437 Words   |  14 Pages Pride and Prejudice Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice not only established her historical importance among scholars and critics, but continues to remain popular. Pride and Prejudice, a comedy of manners, was published in 1813, and is a staple of the English literature. It recreates the social world of the landed gentry of early 19th-century England and embodies the theme that preconceptions and egotism can overcome true love. Pride and Prejudice is somewhat autobiographical; emphasizes the key elementsRead MoreComparative Analysis of Point of View of Joseph Andrews and Emma1145 Words   |  5 PagesComparative Analysis of Point of View of Joseph Andrews and Emma Point of view is the mode of narration that an author employs to let the readers â€Å"hear† and â€Å"see† what takes place in a story. In this essay, the point of view of Joseph Andrews by Henry Fielding and Emma by Jane Austen will be analyzed in comparison to one another. The comparison will be made on each aspect of the point of view, such as subjective/objective, partial/impartial narration and the perspectives through which the pointRead MoreThe Rise of the Novels in the Eighteenth Century4179 Words   |  17 Pageswhich peeps through, it. Pride and Prejudice In his influential analysis of the role of landed estates in Austens fiction, Duckworth argues that estates function not only as the settings of action but as indexes to the character and social responsibility of their owners.[153]  Landscape improvements appear as an iss Jane Austens (1775–1817) distinctive  literary style  relies on a combination of  parody,  burlesque,irony,  free indirect speech, andRead MoreAnalysis Of Orson Scott Card s The Great Pattern 1676 Words   |  7 Pageswhat resonates with the contemporary writer is essential in determining whether the focus of aspiring writers should be imitating Fielding’s ‘writers of antiquity’, embracing the ‘great pattern’, or on more recent works. For the purpose of this analysis I will be considering works written within the last twenty years ‘recent’, whilst analysing what writers gain, or lose, from fiction written longer ago. Some themes in literature are forever relevant to the human condition. George Orwell’s Nineteen

Management Accounting-- Wilkerson Company Case - 2663 Words

The purpose of this report is discussing the case of Wilkerson Company that confronting tough competition in price cutting in pumps which caused to a big drop of pre-tax operating income from 10% to 3%. After observing the existing costing allocation, we found out there is an issue on the existing costing report that the manager could not be able to see the real situation. In light of this, there will be brought to the discussion on the feasibility of using an alternative costing method – Activity based costing (ABC) in the latter paragraphs. The issue of misallocation cost With the use of Traditional Absorption Costing (TAC) which means Wilkerson Company is now only put the costing of direct labor and material in place. As we can†¦show more content†¦In using the ABC system, Valves and Pumps are matching the company’s target of 35% of gross margin apart from Flow Controllers. With the use of TAC, the gross margin on pump sales is 19.5% that well below the companys target gross margin of 35%. This indicates that the current overhead cost allocation practice did not reflect the real costs incurred on the products. The lower actual gross profit obtained was mainly due to wrong cost allocation on the pump product. Table 4: Product Profitability Analysis TAC ABC Valves Pumps Flow Controllers Valves PumpsShow MoreRelatedManagement Accounting-- Wilkerson Company Case2677 Words   |  11 PagesThe purpose of this report is discussing the case of Wilkerson Company that confronting tough competition in price cutting in pumps which caused to a big drop of pre-tax operating income from 10% to 3%. After observing the existing costing allocation, we found out there is an issue on the existing costing report that the manager could not be able to see the real situation. In light of this, there will be brought to the discussion on the feasibility of using an alternative costing method – ActivityRead MoreVariable Cost1729 Words   |  7 PagesCost management | Wilkerson Company Case | | 1. What is the competitive situation faced by Wilkerson? The competitive situation faced by Wilkerson is quite severe. Price cutting in its main product has led to a huge drop in profit. While price increase in another product line partially made up the loss. We will discuss the detailed situation line by line. (1) Valves It was the first product line developed by Wilkerson and its high quality brought it a loyal customer base. EvenRead MoreCost and Flow Controllers1534 Words   |  7 PagesREV: AUGUST 5, 2003 ROBERT S. KAPLAN Wilkerson Company The decline in our profits has become intolerable. The severe price cutting in pumps has dropped our pre-tax margin to less than 3%, far below our historical 10% margins. Fortunately, our competitors are overlooking the opportunities for profit in flow controllers. Our recent 10% price increase in that line has been implemented without losing any business. Robert Parker, president of the Wilkerson Company, was discussing operating results inRead MoreWilkerson Company1397 Words   |  6 Pagescom/nikunjj_1/d/70869811-Solution-to-Wilkerson    Management Accounting for Multinational Companies Solution to the Wilkerson Case Igor Baranov   Executive Summary Taking into account the difference among product and high proportion of overheads, Wilkersonshould abandon its existing cost  system and move to activity-based costing. The profitability  analysisindicates that the company earns healthy margins on pumps and valves. However, the margin of  flow controllers at actual usage of capacity is  negative. Wilkerson shouldRead MoreCost and Flow Controllers1540 Words   |  7 PagesAUGUST 5, 2003 ROBERT S. KAPLAN Wilkerson Company The decline in our profits has become intolerable. The severe price cutting in pumps has dropped our pre-tax margin to less than 3%, far below our historical 10% margins. Fortunately, our competitors are overlooking the opportunities for profit in flow controllers. Our recent 10% price increase in that line has been implemented without losing any business. Robert Parker, president of the Wilkerson Company, was discussing operating results inRead MoreWilkerson Company Case Essay2136 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿1. If Wilkerson were to cut prices, based on contribution margin, to just cover short-term variable costs, what consequences could it experience? (5 marks) Several break-even-point assumptions are made in calculation: 1) Total fixed costs do not change with volume, and will exist regardless if the products are sold or not. 2) Sales mix will be constant. The contribution-margin percentage is 66.1%, which means 66.1 percent of each sales dollar is available for covering fixed costs and makingRead MoreCost Accounting Questions on Wilkerson Company Case Analysis1811 Words   |  8 PagesWilkerson Company 1. What is the competitive situation faced by Wilkerson? The critical product in term of market competition is the pumps of Wilkerson Company. The pumps are Wilkersons major product line with a production of about 12,500 units per month. Pumps currently have the lowest gross margin among all products, because competitors had been reducing prices on pumps and Wilkerson adopted its prices in order to remain competitive and to maintain the volume. 2. Given some apparent problems withRead MoreCost Accounting Questions on Wilkerson Company Case Analysis1796 Words   |  8 PagesWilkerson Company 1. What is the competitive situation faced by Wilkerson? The critical product in term of market competition is the pumps of Wilkerson Company. The pumps are Wilkersons major product line with a production of about 12,500 units per month. Pumps currently have the lowest gross margin among all products, because competitors had been reducing prices on pumps and Wilkerson adopted its prices in order to remain competitive and to maintain the volume. 2. Given some apparent problems withRead MoreManagerial Accounting2802 Words   |  12 Pages1. Basic Concepts Product cost = Direct Labor (DL) + Direct Materials (DM) + Manufacturing Overhead (MOH) Financial accounting Managerial Accounting + Sales + Sales - COGS - Variable Costs = Gross Profit = Contribution Margin - SGA - Fixed Costs = Net Profit = Net Profit COGS (Cost of Goods Sold) is an â€Å"inventoriable cost† ( recorded in the Balance Sheet as inventory and expensed (Income Statement) when goods are sold SGA (Selling, General Administrative) areRead MoreWilkerson Company Case Study4288 Words   |  18 Pagesdecision-support model rather than a transaction processing system. Cases Wilkerson Company is a simple activity-based costing case. It requires students to calculate the costs of three products using on a new set of cost drivers, to compare those costs with those calculated using traditional direct labor-based allocation bases, and then to understand what the numbers mean. (This is a new case with the Eleventh Edition.) Huron Automotive Company gives practice in computing and using costing rates and shows

Employee Performance Free Essays

Employee Performance Team Names Here University of Phoenix HRM 300 March 24, 2013 Instructor Name Here Identified Two Jobs At Kudler Fine Foods there are many important roles within the organization that rely on the performance management system to ensure they are achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. The two positions discussed in this paper are the baker and the assistant manager. Both roles are extremely important roles in Kudler Fine Foods that rely on the roles and involvement of the performance management systems to ensure they are meeting the goals and objectives set by the organization as well as understanding their strengths and weaknesses within the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will discuss the general function of performance management systems suggest two job evaluation methods for the baker and assistant managers positions, compare and contrast the possible compensations plans, and explain the importance of providing employee benefit plan to the baker and assistant manager for Kudler Fine Foods. General Function of Performance Management The general function of performance management is to provide a process that delivers a fair and accurate account of individual employee performance within an organization. Appraisal systems of any type generally provide assessment that is often viewed as judgment over a particular individual’s performance for a particular period of time. Such a system, or process is best practiced with goals are set in the beginning, and then followed up with feedback regarding the outcome of the goals current status. Growth of the individual within the organization is the ultimate desire of such a system, and such growth of the individual will not end until employment with the company in question no longer exists. Provided goals may come as part of a set of different functions within a job description that the individual needs to accomplish or improve upon, or the goals might be more tailored to the individual on personal growth issues. Regardless, when an individual is provided tangible goals that can be reached within the measured period of time there is opportunity for growth. The feedback provided by management, and the individual in the evaluation process is valuable in determining progress, and the next step to be taken in the growth process. The â€Å"appraisal system† has long been utilized to assist in the growth of employees in measureable goals, the actual performance guideline, and a comparison that performance with set standards (DeCenzo and Robbins, 2007). Kudler Find Foods briefly covers â€Å"performance evaluation† in their human resources â€Å"policy and procedure† online handbook. Exact details are not provided other than to demonstrate to the reader that â€Å"formal performance evaluations† will take place, and discuss performance, goals setting, strengths and weaknesses (Kudler Fine Foods, 2012). This demonstrates Kudler’s belief that performance evaluation is important, and in doing so within the online handbook communicates to the reader a sense of value will be placed upon their work ethic. Job Evaluation Methods Job evaluations are conducted within organizations to evaluate their employee’s job performances. There are three basic types of methods that organizations use to evaluate these performances; they are the ranking method, the factor comparison method, and the point method. The ranking method compares each position to other positions based on overall ranking assigned by the organization. Another method used is the factor comparison. This method uses a set of skills that are assigned a value; a list of jobs and a pay scale are created by assigning a value to each job based on the skill value. If an organization has a large number of employees, this is usually the organization’s preferred method. The third method commonly used is the point method. This method identifies a set of skills and subsections of each skill and assigns point values to each subset skill. There are two positions that are being evaluated at Kudler Fine Foods. These two positions are the Baker and the Assistant Store Manager position. The managers are trying to determine the best method for evaluating the positions within the organization. Baker’s Position There are two methods that are being tested for this position to evaluate this employee’s job performance. These methods are the factor comparison and the point method. Both of these methods could be effective for evaluating this position. Both of these methods are based on the employee’s skills. They are based on the skills of the individual only, not compared to other’s skills within the organization. However, using these methods could also be difficult to assess the baker’s skill level. Research would have to be done using other stores comparable to Kudler Fine Foods and their skilled baker’s. This research would have to collect data that would give the manager’s at Kudler an idea of what the job performance level should be as a baker. Assistant Store Manager There are two methods that are being considered to evaluate this position. They are the ranking and factor comparison method. The ranking method could be effective because the ranking could be completed by other Kudler employees. Determining the ranking system, could be based on previous assistant store manager employees at Kudler’s. Their job performance level is based on what impact they have on the organization as a whole and what they can do to improve the organization. The disadvantage of using the ranking method is the employee’s true job performance is not always accurately evaluated by just comparing the performance based on other employee’s within the organization. Using the factor comparison method could be the most effective method. This method assigns a value to each job that is performed by the employee. This method evaluates the actual job performed. Compensation Plans The best possible compensation plans for a baker’s position would be the individual incentive plan and the paying for performance plan. These two plans would cause the baker to want to perform at their best possible. The individual incentive plan pays the employee based on their performance at the job. This plan has many approaches including merit pay, bonuses for time savings, pay per completed piece, and commissions off of sales of the pieces. The best possible pay for the baker would be pay per completed piece. Since the baker would be baking all day they could be given a commission on pieces completed as long as those pieces met the standards set forth by the company. This fits in with the pay for performance plan. Since the baker would be wanting to make the best possible product and the most of that product the baker’s performance would rise and they would be rewarded for that rise in productivity (DeCenzo Robbins, ,   2007). The best possible compensation plans for the Assistant Store Manager would be the group incentive and plant wide incentive plans. These two plans would cause the Assistant Store Manager to want to be involved as much as possible with the workings of the plant. The group incentive plan pays a group of individuals based on their performance. Having an active Assistant Store Manager helping the group would cause their productivity to rise thus causing more products to be available for sale. Using the plant-wide incentive program would make the Assistant Store Manager want to ensure that the plant was running at full capacity. If there were problems that caused the plant to lose productivity the Manager would want to fix those problems as quickly as possible thus causing productivity to rise once again (DeCenzo Robbins, ,   2007). Importance of Employee Benefits The importance of providing employee benefit plans to employees working in the baker and CEO roles depend on what’s important to the individuals in those positions. One would think that management at Kudler Fine Foods (KFF) would go about the employee benefit plans process in one of several ways, depending on what’s more valuable to those decision makers. One approach could be to engage the services of a consulting firm which specializes in employee benefit plan designation and implementation, to acquire an independent evaluation of the creation and implementation of this process from beginning to a functional implementation in this whole process. Stakeholders in KFF could also create a committee who could agree on a creation of employee benefit plans that would suitable for the roles of the CEO and the baker’s positions. The importance of providing employee benefit plans to employees is to take are of employees’ needs, to stay competitive and employee retention. Companies like KFF need to attract and retain a CEO, which will mean that KFF will need to implement an ‘attractive’ executive benefit plan package. CEO pay and benefits will need to compete with other organizations in its same industry bracket. If KFF’s management believe their growth prospects are more attractive relative to its peers, then deferred stock-options may be a part of the CEO’s benefit plan. Compensation committees are concerned that organizations would like to incentivize the CEO for middle- to long-term and sustainable growth, with advocates like Warren Buffet emphasizing much more attractive stock-option grants for CEOs in the long-term, instead of short-term pressure for earnings. The process of designing an employee benefit plan for a baker’s role may not take as much effort as that of the C-suite. Depending on the skills and training of the baker, the baker’s employee plan needs to strike a balance between what KFF can reasonably be able to afford in it’s benefits selection and delegation for this role. KFF will need to live within it’s means, which means different things to different people. To be conservative in this plan and to pay attention to how established competitors in their same bracket may be a good place to start. Essentially the goal of this plan is to theoretically offer enough of an employee benefit plan that reasonable employees will deem as valuable, and a plan that KFF could afford. For certain companies, demographics like age, and other factors could help explain and shape the employee benefit plan process. If the baker’s are all young, in a college town, then a generous tuition plan may be more desirable. If the baker’s role is in a part of the country where folks are older, in a rural part of the country, then more generous retirement benefits may seem valuable. Simply put, KFF management will need to strike a balance between the needs of their employees to what the employees find as most valuable to them. The design and process of implementation of the entire employee benefit plan(s) is a balance between the skills of what people in the CEO and baker’s roles can benefit KFF, and how KFF can then give back to its employees. One of the conservative responses in this area of discussion lso has pay-for-performance features within it – deferred compensation: middle-to-long-term in various forms-profit sharing, 401(k) contributions and subsidizations, stock performance allotments, etc. , all point to organizations like KFF who value their bakers and CEO. Hopefully workers and KFF management will strike a ‘healthy’ balance between the integral role that ke y employees give back to their employer, and how the employer will then bestow back to their employees a valuable employee benefit plan that will take care of their employees’ needs, to the best of KFF’s abilities within budget and other constraints each side will work with. References DeCenzo, D. , Robbins, S. (2007). Fundamentals of human resource management (9th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Kudler Fine Foods, (2012), Human Resources, Policy and procedures, Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/Kudler2/intranet/policies-procedures. asp#performance How to cite Employee Performance, Essay examples

Management and Organizations Telstra

Question: Discuss about theManagement and Organizationsfor Telstra. Answer: Organizational Culture Organizational culture is the adhesive that comprises of values and rituals, serves to integrate all the employees in an organization, and governs how they behave in it. It is the description of an organization from within, describing the civilization (Alvesson 2012). Factors Determining Organizational Culture in Telstra Many factors influence organizational culture. Some of them are: Leadership The way in which the leadership team runs the organization influences the policies, procedures and regulations set for the workforce. The values and philosophies of the senior leaders in Telstra trickle down to the employees, who show equal amount of dedication like their leader. Nature of Business The operations, market situation and purpose of Telstra influences the behavior of its employees. Company Values, Policies and Work Ambience The workers of Telstra expand the values highlighted in its policies, procedures and work situation. The way Telstra is run, treats its employees, and flows information across its hierarchy are important elements to be considered, as these directly influences their organizational culture (Scott 2013). Environment The juridical environment can have an effect on Telstras organizational tradition positively or negatively. The financial atmosphere of the enterprise reflects the repute of the countrywide economic climate. The people of this organization are permeated with the principles, beliefs, and attitudes. The method and technology employed consult with the measure of technical donation and the kind of technologies used that have insinuations over the organizational tradition (Pinder 2014). Stakeholders The consumers that Telstra serves were at times an often-overlooked aspect, which put an effect on its organizational culture. These folks instantly have an effect on the workers well being. Recruitment The form of employees employed via Telstra has the largest result on its culture primarily when they are in excessive development mode and is rapidly including new staff. Telstra and Organizational Culture Telstras organizational culture is based on treating its customers like Big Pond users, serving people in a way that they make the customers use more data, pushing them to upgrade their plans (Theaustralian.com.au 2016). Organizational culture influences organizations practices, communication methods and philosophical stances of its workforce. It also helps new employees adapt to the companys work process. While implementing its customer-centric culture the Telstra management team faced the maximum difficulty. The management challenge was once getting the client to be the locus of everyone's agenda and philosophizing more widely than just what is the individual involvement (Financial Review 2016). In such situations, it is recommended for organizations like Telstra that the organization make the customer the ultimate arbiter in all situations that would in turn make the organization more responsive to the market and stop internal factionalism. Organization Structure and Strategy Business strategy is a functional sketch for achieving a group's mission and ambitions. Organizational constitution is the official design of a company's chain of command. Each and every method and constitution are essential elements of doing trade, and even businesses that do not have official techniques and constructions doubtlessly still have both in one type or in another (Grant 2016). Organizational structure is significant for any budding corporation to offer steerage and readability on detailed human resources problems, akin to managerial influence. Small-trade homeowners must be interested in a proper constitution early within the development stage of their industry (Ashkenas 2015). Elements of Organizational Structure: Geography How an institution is structured can depend on how many company areas are needed to account for of their planning. Different departments of Telstra are allocated to handle different responsibilities, and all are aware of the same due to a proper organizational structure. Number of Workers A significant worker populace can call for that there be a number of layers of administration for a manufacturer to ensue effectually. Telstra has more than 36,000 employees serving in consumer, small business and enterprise service departments, and around 3,000 are based outside of the country (telstraglobal.com 2016). Product Evolution An organization may kick off with a small line of merchandise that quilts a normal part of the industry. Because the manufacturer grows, they ought to create exact departments for product progress and manufacturing can influence the business organizational structure exactly what Telstra has been doing modernizing old business models or bringing in new products with the help of highly skilled employees. Distribution of Authority A groups organizational constitution is plagued by whether or not the corporation needs centralized administration or decentralized administration. Telstra is more inclined towards the centralized approach towards administration. Control A corporation that requires a larger product expanse could have stricter principles and a more regimented atmosphere. Telstra employees receive the proper freedom, at the same time work under strict company policies and stringent atmosphere. Market The market additionally has an attitude on how an enterprise is controlled. For illustration, a brand may make a decision to trade products by way of wholesalers as good as instantly to end consumers. Consecutively for this form to be triumphant, the organizational structure of the organization will have to be arranged to hold these essentials separate, together with a branched out advertising and marketing workforce and a separate earnings drive (Burke 2013). Telstra follows this strategy and gives ample importance to the market conditions. Functional and Divisional Structure of Telstra Functional structure: Sales, direct marketing, sales engineers Divisional structure: Corporate, Government, Business, Residential Challenges in Implementing When the Telstra administration is attempting to implement an organizational constitution, they will face problems considering the fact that initially there is not any constitution in position. Some areas of challenges are: Communication Part of the intent of a strong organizational constitution is to facilitate soft verbal exchange inside departments and from one division to a different. When one is attempting to enforce an organizational structure, they are functioning with an improvised verbal exchange community unless the designed community is put in place. This may result in data to be dropped or mis-communicated at each point of Telstra. Hierarchy The chain of command amongst managers and supervisors in Telstra would be puzzled without an organizational structure. Whilst they are enforcing a corporation outline, they will come throughout circumstances when more than a few managers or supervisors might just take on commanding roles they were not planned to have that can intent misunderstanding among the employees inside Telstra. Delegation When leaders are seeking to put into practice a brand new organizational structure inside Telstra, it could be tricky to correctly delegate accountability to departments or individual staff. It can be complicated for workers and executives of Telstra to have an understanding of their responsibilities when there was no professional delegation up to now. Cost Employing an organizational structure will also be highly priced. Throughout the time it takes to get a constitution primed, productiveness would probably be impinged on and the Telstra's capability to bring in income would drop. Imposing constitution approach is getting each person on to the same application systems for communiqu, accounting, production and planning. Recommendation An organizational chart must be planned that should be covering how Telstra would be looking in the upcoming years. Each position must be properly represented in the chart. Every members name and position must be added, along with accurate reporting structure. References Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Burke, W.W., 2013.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Financial Review. (2016). 'Harder than renegotiating the NBN': David Thodey on transforming Telstra's culture. [online] Available at: https://www.afr.com/leadership/company-culture/david-thodey-says-changing-telstras-culture-was-harder-than-renegotiating-the-nbn-20160321-gnn1w9 [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Scott, W.R., 2013.Institutions and organizations: Ideas, interests, and identities. Sage Publications. telstraglobal.com, t. 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.telstraglobal.com/about/about-telstra-global [Accessed 12 Dec. 2016]. Theaustralian.com.au. 2016. The new caring, sharing Telstra. [online] Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/opinion/caring-and-sharing-as-telstra-tries-to-change-its-culture/news-story/021c56c4102b9bd6bc3b1cfe1693cf30 [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016].

Dialectial Journal free essay sample

Dialectical Journals But today he saw one of the rivers secrets, one that gripped his soul. He saw that the water continually flowed and flowed and yet it was always there; It was always the same and yet every moment it was new. pg. 102 C)Slddhartha ponders about a secret of the river. It Is one that he never realized before. The water flows continuously and remains constant. It Is the same, and yet It Is new. Life seems to be like this. Everyone of us has life, and we live It. The world eems to continuously move and go on, despite the changes that happen. People die and people are born: people succeed and people fall. Every moment Is new, yet the world keeps going, time Is constant and does not stand still for anyone. The river teaches Siddhartha a lesson that he does not fully comprehend at that moment, yet remains an Important lesson to learn. We will write a custom essay sample on Dialectial Journal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But today he saw one of the rivers secrets, one that gripped his soul. He saw that the water continually flowed and flowed and yet it was always there; it was always the C)Siddhartha ponders about a secret of the river. It is one that he never realized before. The water flows continuously and remains constant. It is the same, and yet it is new. Life seems to be like this. Everyone of us has life, and we live it. The world and people are born: people succeed and people fail

10 Important Events in the History of Latin America

10 Important Events in the History of Latin America Latin America has been always shaped by events as much as by people and leaders. In the long and turbulent history of the region, there were wars, assassinations, conquests, rebellions, crackdowns, and massacres. Which was the most important? These ten were selected based on international importance and effect on the population. It is impossible to rank them on importance, so they are listed in chronological order. 1. Papal Bull Inter Caetera and the Treaty of Tordesillas (1493–1494) Many people do not know that when Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas, they already legally belonged to Portugal. According to previous papal bulls of the 15th century, Portugal held claim to any and all undiscovered lands west of a certain longitude. After Columbus return, both Spain and Portugal laid claims to the new lands, forcing the pope to sort things out. Pope Alexander VI issued the bull Inter Caetera in 1493, declaring that Spain owned all new lands west of a line 100 leagues (about 300 miles) from the Cape Verde Islands. Portugal, not pleased with the verdict, pressed the issue and the two nations ratified the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, which established the line at 370 leagues from the islands. This treaty essentially ceded Brazil to the Portuguese while keeping the rest of the New World for Spain, therefore laying the framework for the modern demographics of Latin America. 2. The Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires (1519–1533) After the New World was discovered, Spain soon realized that it was an incredibly valuable resource that should be pacified and colonized. Only two things stood in their way: the mighty Empires of the Aztecs in Mexico and the Incas in Peru, who would have to be defeated in order to establish rule over the newly-discovered lands. Ruthless conquistadores under the command of Hernn Cortà ©s in Mexico and Francisco Pizarro in Peru accomplished just that, paving the way for centuries of Spanish rule and enslavement and marginalization of New World natives. 3.  Independence from Spain and Portugal (1806–1898) Using the Napoleonic invasion of Spain as an excuse, most of Latin America declared independence from Spain in 1810. By 1825, Mexico, Central  America, and South America were free, soon to be followed by Brazil. Spanish rule in the Americas ended in 1898 when they lost their final colonies to the United States following the Spanish-American War. With Spain and Portugal out of the picture, the young American republics were free to find their own way, a process that was always difficult and often bloody. 4.  The Mexican-American War (1846–1848) Still smarting from the loss of Texas a decade before, Mexico went to war with the United States in 1846 after a series of skirmishes on the border. The Americans invaded Mexico on two fronts and captured Mexico City in May of 1848. As devastating as the war was for Mexico, the peace was worse. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ceded California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming to the United States in exchange for $15 million and forgiveness of about $3 million more in debts. 5. The War of the Triple Alliance (1864–1870) The most devastating war ever fought in South America, the War of the Triple Alliance pitted Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil against Paraguay. When Uruguay was attacked by Brazil and Argentina in late 1864, Paraguay came to its aid and attacked Brazil. Ironically, Uruguay, then under a different president, switched sides and fought against its former ally. By the time the war was over, hundreds of thousands had died and Paraguay was in ruins. It would take decades for the nation to recover. 6. The War of the Pacific (1879–1884) In 1879, Chile and Bolivia went to war after spending decades bickering over a border dispute. Peru, which had a military alliance with Bolivia, was drawn into the war as well. After a series of major battles at sea and on land, the Chileans were victorious. By 1881 the Chilean army had captured Lima and by 1884 Bolivia signed a truce. As a result of the war, Chile gained the disputed coastal province once and for all, leaving Bolivia landlocked, and also gained the province of Arica from Peru. The Peruvian and Bolivian nations were devastated, needing years to recover. 7.  The Construction of the Panama Canal (1881–1893, 1904–1914) The completion of the  Panama Canal  by Americans in 1914 marked the end of a remarkable and ambitious feat of engineering. The results have been felt ever since, as the canal has drastically changed worldwide shipping. Less known are the political consequences of the canal, including the  secession  of Panama from Colombia (with the encouragement of the United States) and the profound effect the canal has had on the internal reality of Panama ever since. 8.  The Mexican Revolution (1911–1920) A revolution of impoverished peasants against an entrenched wealthy class, the Mexican Revolution shook the world and forever altered the trajectory of Mexican politics. It was a bloody war, which included horrific battles,  massacres, and assassinations. The  Mexican Revolution  officially ended in 1920 when Alvaro Obregà ³n became the last general standing after years of conflict, although the fighting continued for another decade. As a result of the revolution, land reform finally took place in Mexico, and the PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party), the political party that rose from the rebellion, stayed in power until the 1990s. 9.  The Cuban Revolution  (1953–1959) When  Fidel Castro, his brother  Raà ºl  and a ragged band of followers  attacked the barracks at Moncada  in 1953, they may not have known they were taking the first step to one of the most significant revolutions of all time. With the promise of economic equality for all, the rebellion grew until 1959, when Cuban President  Fulgencio Batista  fled the country and victorious rebels filled the streets of Havana. Castro established a communist regime, building close ties  with  the Soviet Union, and stubbornly defied every attempt the  United States  could think of to remove him from power. Ever  since  that time, Cuba has either been a festering sore of totalitarianism in an increasingly democratic  world  or a beacon of hope for all anti-imperialists, depending on your point of view. 10. Operation Condor (1975–1983) In the mid-1970s, the governments of the southern cone of  South America- Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay,  Bolivia, and Uruguay- had several things in common. They were ruled by conservative regimes, either dictators or military juntas, and they had a growing problem with opposition forces and dissidents.  They, therefore,  established Operation Condor, a collaborative effort to round up and kill or otherwise silence their enemies. By the time it ended, thousands were dead or missing and the trust of South Americans in their leaders was forever shattered. Although new facts come out occasionally and some of the worst perpetrators have been brought to justice, there are still many questions about this sinister operation and those behind it. Sources and Further Reading Gilbert, Michael Joseph, Catherine LeGrand, and Ricardo Donato Salvatore. Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the Cultural History of U.S.-Latin American Relations. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1988.LaRosa, Michael and German R. Mejia. An Atlas and Survey of Latin American History, 2nd edition. New York: Routledge, 2018.Moya, Jose C. (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Latin American History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.Weber, David J., and Jane M. Rausch. Where Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman Littlefield, 1994.